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Khmer Loeu (), is the collective name given to the various indigenous ethnic groups residing in the highlands of Cambodia. The Khmer Loeu are found mainly in the northeastern provinces of Ratanakiri, Stung Treng, and Mondulkiri. Most of the highland groups are Mon-Khmer peoples and are distantly related, to one degree or another, to the Khmer. Two of the Khmer Loeu groups are Chamic peoples, a branch of the Austronesian peoples, and have a very different linguistic and cultural background. The Mon–Khmer-speaking tribes are the aboriginal inhabitants of mainland Southeast Asia, their ancestors having trickled into the area from the northwest during the prehistoric metal ages. The Austronesian-speaking groups, Rade and Jarai, are descendants of the Malayo-Polynesian peoples who came to what is now coastal Vietnam, saw the rise and fall of their Champa kingdoms, and then migrated west over the Annamite Range, dispersing between the Mon–Khmer groups.〔http://countrystudies.us/cambodia/44.htm retrieved July-21-2015〕 The disparate groups that make up the Khmer Loeu are estimated to comprise 17-21 different ethnic groups speaking at least 17 different languages. Unlike the Cham, Vietnamese and Chinese minorities of the lowlands, the Khmer Loeu groups haven't integrated into Khmer society or culture and remain politically unorganized and underrepresented in the Cambodian government. There have never been any treaties between a Khmer Loeu group and the government nor is Cambodia a signatory to the Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention.〔 Cambodia's landmark 2001 land law guarantees indigenous peoples communal rights to their traditional lands,〔 but the government is accused of routinely violating those provisions, confiscating land for purposes ranging from commercial logging to foreign development.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.fidh.org/IMG/pdf/report_cambodia_socfin-kcd_low_def.pdf )〕 ==Terminology== Traditionally, the ruling Khmer majority has referred to all the highland groups as ''phnong'', a name of one of the groups that has come to mean "savage" in Khmer, or ''samre'', the name of another group that has developed the meaning "bumpkin" or "hick".〔Headly, Robert K.; Chhor, Kylin; Lim, Lam Kheng; Kheang, Lim Hak; Chun, Chen. 1977. ''Cambodian-English Dictionary''. Bureau of Special Research in Modern Languages. The Catholic University of America Press. Washington, D.C. ISBN 0-8132-0509-3〕 Both of these words are now considered pejorative. The colonial French administration designated the highland ethnicities of Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam "Montagnards". The term "Khmer Loeu" was crafted by the Sangkum Reastr Niyum government of Sihanouk's Cambodia in the 1950s. In order the stress the unity, or "Cambodian-ness", of the various ethnic groups that inhabited its borders and promote a nationalist cohesiveness, the government classified citizens as one of three groups of "Khmer", ''Khmer Kandal'', ''Khmer Islam'' and ''Khmer Loeu''. ''Khmer Kandal'' ("Central Khmer") referred to the ethnic Khmer majority. ''Khmer Islam'' was the name given to the ethnic Cham inhabiting the central plains of Cambodia. ''Khmer Loeu'' was coined as a catch-all term to include all of the indigenous minority ethnic groups, most of which reside in the remote highlands of northeast Cambodia. The current government has used the term ''chuncheat daerm pheak tech'' ((クメール語:ជនជាតិដើមភាគតិច), "original ethnic minority") in official documents while referring to ethnic Khmer as ''chuncheat daerm pheak chraern'' ("original ethnic majority"). However "Khmer Loeu" still remains the colloquial, and most common, designation for these groups. In the Khmer language, an alternative, though unrelated, use of the term "Khmer Loeu" is in reference to the Northern Khmer people. Ethnic Khmers sometimes use a tripartite division to differentiate Khmers native to Thailand, Cambodia or Vietnam. Those native to Thailand are sometimes referred to as "Khmer Loeu" due to their location on the southern Khorat plateau relative to those native to Cambodia, "Khmer Kandal", while Khmer native to the lower Mekong Delta region of Vietnam are called Khmer Krom, "lower Khmer" or "southern Khmer". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Khmer Loeu」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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